November 1922 |
Funded by private gifts, work on California
Memorial Stadium begins under the direction
of architect John Galen Howard. |
November 1923 |
Memorial Stadium completed in time for Big
Game; landscaping
project includes planting of some 90 oaks,
coast live oaks, redwoods, and other trees near
western wall. |
1975 - 2008 |
UC Board of Regents adopts Seismic Safety
Policy, prompting university-wide assessments
of earthquake safety. Acting in accordance with
the assessment, UC Berkeley has, to date, spent
$325 million to address
campus seismic issues. |
Summer 1997 |
New seismic evaluation finds stadium poses
risk to users, needs extensive retrofit. |
Summer 2002 |
New, temporary press box constructed above
stadium's western stands to replace seismically
hazardous press box constructed in 1960s. |
June 2002 |
Campus begins work on a new Long Range Development Plan (LRDP) which will describe the scope of capital improvement and growth at UC Berkeley through the year 2020. |
January 2004 |
Chancellor Robert Berdahl announces plan
to renovate 81-year-old Memorial Stadium, enhance
facilities for student-athletes. |
Fall 2004 |
Chancellor Robert Birgeneau establishes 30-member
Memorial Stadium Advisory Committee to decide
among three competing proposals for the southeast
quadrant of the campus. The committee is officially
charged with the task of improving the life safety
of stadium occupants while providing safe and
suitable new facilities for the university's
student-athletes. |
January 2005 |
UC regents approve 2020 Long Range Development Plan. |
April 2005 |
Campus officials unveil "sweeping new vision" for southeast quadrant — the Southeast Campus Integrated Projects (SCIP) — anchored by stadium retrofit and new athletic-training facility. |
November 2005 |
Chancellor Birgeneau announces master
plan to refurbish Memorial Stadium, beginning
with construction of $125 million Student-Athlete
High Performance Center (SAHPC) that will be fully funded by private donors.
Campus publishes initial study checklist and
Notice of Preparation (NOP) and Environmental
Impact Report (EIR); 30-day public-comment
period begins |
Nov. 14, 2005 |
Notice of preparation (NOP) for project's
Environmental Impact Report is published. One-month
period of initial public review and comment begins. |
Dec. 8, 2005 |
An initial public scoping meeting preceding
the preparation of the draft EIR is held. (See material
presented at the meeting.) |
March 2006 |
Campus holds community open house to explain
and discuss plans for California Memorial Stadium
and southeast quadrant of campus. (See material
presented at the meeting.) |
May 8, 2006 |
Draft EIR on Southeast Campus
Integrated Projects is published; 61-day public-comment
period begins. |
June 5, 2006 |
A public
hearing is held on draft EIR. |
July 2006 |
Geotechnical work begins to explore subsurface
conditions near Memorial Stadium and
gather information for design and construction
of proposed SAHPC. |
Oct. 31, 2006 |
Campus publishes final
EIR on southeast-campus projects; geological
survey finds no active faults under SAHPC site. |
November 2006 |
California Memorial Stadium listed in National
Register of Historic Places. |
Dec. 2, 2006 |
Two protesters begin occupation of trees in
oak grove outside Memorial Stadium to prevent
removal of 44 specimen trees. |
Dec. 5, 2006 |
Regents consider and approve SAHPC project. |
Dec. 11, 2006 |
City of Berkeley, Panoramic Hill Association,
and California Oak Foundation file separate suits
to block construction of SAHPC. |
January 2007 |
Alameda County Superior Court Judge Barbara
Miller issues preliminary injunction to halt
removal of trees and construction of SAHPC pending
outcome of litigation. |
February 2007 |
Kent Lightfoot, curator of North American
archaeology at Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology,
fully refutes protesters' claims that oak grove
might be site of Indian burial ground. |
May 2007 |
Second, independent geological survey by
Geomatrix Consultants confirms there are no active
faults under proposed SAHPC site. |
July 12, 2007 |
Vice Chancellor Nathan Brostrom sends letter to Berkeley Mayor Tom Bates and City Council members updating them on the results of the geological surveys and outlining the proposed changes to the Integrated Projects. The communication includes an offer to decrease the number of parking spaces in proposed garage to replace lost parking only; commitment to replacing oak trees 3:1, with one being a large tree in a 72-inch container; and modifications of the design of the SAHPC. In addition, he states campus's strong interest in expediting the retrofit of California Memorial Stadium. |
August 2007 |
In preparation for football season, campus
erects temporary fencing around portion of oak
grove to ensure safety of fans and protesters. |
August 2007 |
Independent student-body senate (ASUC) passes
resolution in
support of university's proposed construction
of athletic facility adjacent to Memorial Stadium: "BE IT FURTHER
RESOLVED, that the ASUC expresses its support
for the construction of the Student Athlete High
Performance Center, phase 1 of the California
Memorial Stadium Campaign." |
Aug. 29, 2007 |
Mayor Bates issues statement expressing willingness
to consider a mutually acceptable settlement
if conveyed through the city's attorneys. |
Aug. 31, 2007 |
University sends official settlement offer
to city documenting those offers contained in
its July 12 letter. |
Aug. 31, 2007 |
University sends official settlement offer
to city documenting those offers contained in
its July 12 letter. |
Sept. 4, 2007 |
Berkeley City Council rejects university's
settlement proposal, refuses offer to engage
in further discussion, and decides to proceed
to trial. |
September 2007 |
Judge Miller consolidates the three lawsuits. |
September 2007 |
University receives report
from independent archeological consulting firm, William Self Associates,
Inc. After full review of all available records
the lead investigator, James Allan, Ph.D., concludes
that "there is no verifiable evidence for
a burial ground at the site of the stadium." |
Fall 2007 |
Athletic Director Sandy Barbour and Vice Chancellor
Brostrom attend series of neighborhood meetings
to provide community members with updated information
about the SAHPC and stadium projects. |
Oct. 1, 2007 |
University goes to court seeking clarity about
whether the tree protest is, in some fashion, "protected
speech." Superior Court Judge Richard Keller
issues preliminary injunction against protesters,
followed by ruling that campus can remove all
tree-sitters illegally occupying the grove. The
court's decision confirms that the protest is
a dangerous, illegal occupation of university
property and not in any way "protected speech" under
the First Amendment. |
Oct. 4, 2007 |
Judge Miller tours site. |
November 2007 |
University erects second chain-link fence
around grove in order to facilitate containment
and management of the ongoing protest. |
Feb. 20, 2008 |
Under supervision of UC police, arborists
dismantle ropes and a wooden platform used by
tree-sitters and supporters. |
April 2, 2008 |
UCPD Chief Victoria Harrison writes open
letter to students and campus community about the department's
approach to the protest and the campus's commitment
to bring it to a "safe but certain" end.
More than 200 students respond in writing; 90
percent of responses express support for UCPD
policy and goals. |
June 13, 2008 |
As of this date, the UCPD has recorded over
286 violations of the law in connection with
the protest; 92 resulted in custodial arrests
of protesters and another 63 citations were issued
at the site. Several injuries have occurred in
the grove as a result of the protesters' conduct.
Protesters have violated time, place, and manner
rules regarding when and where free speech may
occur on university property and have engaged
in numerous forms of misconduct, including weapons-possession
violations, robbery, theft, vandalism, assault,
battery, battery to a peace officer, assault
with a deadly weapon to a peace officer, violation
of probation, violation of a campus exclusion
order, violation of a court order, threats against
a peace officer, resisting arrest, drug-possession
violations, disturbing the peace, unlawful topping
of trees, and public intoxication. |
June 17, 2008 |
Under UCPD supervision, arborists sever supply
lines connecting trees in the grove and dismantle
structures in the branches. Protesters attack
arborists and police officers with their stockpiled
urine and feces. Two protesters are removed. |
June 18, 2008 |
In a 129-page decision, Judge
Miller rules overwhelmingly in favor of UC
Berkeley, but asks for more information
on design elements unrelated to SAHPC construction
and proposed non-football uses for stadium.
Quotes
from the decision:
• "the
record contains substantial evidence that the
area in which the Memorial Oak Grove exists
does not contain sensitive biological resources" • "the
university adopted feasible mitigation measures
to avoid or lessen impact" of tree removal" and
that "mitigation would ensure that the
impact from loss of specimen trees, including
coast live oaks, is less than significant"… "evidence
in the record corroborates…the urban
character of and the lack of sensitive biological
resources in the area of the Memorial Oak Grove"… • "There
is also no evidence in the record that any
alleged burial sites or any other archeological
resources in the Integrated Project area are
unique archaeological resources" • The
university's "EIR analysis of seismic
impacts satisfies the University's CEQA obligation
for investigation and disclosure of seismic
impacts" • The ruling quotes officials
from California's State Historic Preservation
Office as commending the university's design
for the atadium project, calling it a "breath
of fresh air" while asking if they could "share
the design with others as an example of how
to approach a historic stadium" • "Evidence
in the record demonstrates that the CMS is
a valuable historic resource that is rooted
deeply in the life of the university and that
relocating it is, for the university, essentially
unthinkable" • "The record contains
substantial evidence supporting the university's
decision to build the (athletic facility) as
currently proposed." |
June 23, 2008 |
The Daily Californian (Berkeley's
independent student press) senior editorial board
writes the latest
in a series of editorials condemning the protest.
Excerpts: • "Not
only have the protesters hijacked hundred-year-old
landscaping for disingenuous environmental protection,
but they've also recklessly disregarded the safety
of arborists, police and even themselves" • "There's
no reasonable justification for them to remain
among the branches for another day." |
June 25, 2008 |
Two tree-sitters voluntarily descend. Concerned
about health and safety of the remaining protesters,
UCPD begins to supply them with essential amounts
of food and water. |
June 28, 2008 |
In new court filing, campus proposes to resolve
outstanding legal issues by eliminating a proposed
grade beam that was designed solely to prevent
cosmetic damage to the stadium during SAHPC construction,
and returning to existing agreements on non-football
stadium events. In light of the concessions the
university asks Judge Miller to let construction
proceed. |
June 30, 2008 |
Judge Keller rejects effort by protesters'
attorneys to compel the university to stop all
removal efforts and allow outside supplies of
food in. He states that "the university
has been very patient and I will not punish them
for their patience," and adds, "when
they are ready to drink or eat, they should just
come down and get off the university's property." His
decision states that "the university is
authorized… to take any and all actions
reasonably necessary to lawfully enforce any
and all orders of this court relating to . .
. the Memorial Stadium Oak Grove," and that "the
denial of food and/or water to anyone, while
that individual is occupying any property or
properties included within the coverage of any
of this court's orders…shall not be considered
a violation of this order." |
June 30, 2008 |
Berkeley City Council holds closed session
on whether to initiate litigation against the
university to remove the barricades on western
edge of the oak grove from city sidewalks. Council
takes no action on this matter, but does vote
to send a letter to the campus asking that persons
be allowed to provide food to tree-sitters. |
July 1-6, 2008 |
Four more protesters voluntarily leave the
grove; a new protester scales fence, joins others.
A total of four are now in the trees. |
July 8, 2008 |
After consultation with campus medical director, university announces plan to increase amount of food provided to tree-sitters to 1,800 calories per day |
July 8, 2008 |
Vice Chancellor Brostrom responds to city's
July 1 letter, describing the food and water
provided to protesters by university police and
restating its intention not to allow outside
individuals to provide food, water, or supplies
to the tree-sitters, per court order. |
July 14, 2008 |
Most recent person to join the protest comes
down voluntarily due to death in his family.
UCPD agrees to "cite and release" him. |
July 17, 2008 |
Judge Miller holds hearing on university's
request for immediate modification of the injunction
that would allow construction of SAHPC to commence.
She goes on the record twice to remind all parties
that her June 18t court ruling has determined
that the university is the "primary prevailing
party" in the litigation. |
July 22, 2008 |
Judge Miller rules in the university's favor
on every outstanding issue and clears the way
for SAHPC construction to start. However, she
decides that her initial injunction will remain
in place for seven more days, providing petitioners
with opportunity to appeal. |
July 23, 2008 |
Protesters manage to run an aerial supply
line from the grove across Piedmont Avenue
to another tree on campus. Faced with severe
safety hazard, UCPD reaches agreement with
protesters that leads to the line's removal.
Under
the terms of the agreement, protesters and
their supporters will: • Vacate
a second tree they had occupied • Lower
human waste they had been stockpiling for possible
future use against police officers and/or arborists • Continue
to lower waste on a daily basis • Cease
all efforts to storm, disrupt, or dismantle barricades
surrounding the grove • Cease all efforts
to force food supplies in to the enclosed area.
For
its part, the university agrees to: • Allow
one of two people who joined the protest yesterday
to come down without facing arrest or citation
for his actions • Allow supporters to
supply protesters with one bag of food daily • Give
72 hours notice if the university intends to
end this agreement • Give 72 hours notice
if the university intends to forcibly remove
any of the tree-sitters. |
July 24, 2008 |
Two petitioners, the Panoramic Hill Association
and the California Oak Foundation, file notice
of appeal with California Court of Appeals. Under
statute the existing injunction is automatically
extended for 20 days, until Aug. 13. |
July 24, 2008 |
Berkeley City Council decides not to appeal
Judge Miller's decision to let UC Berkeley begin
construction of SAHPC. However, council holds
open option of revisiting decision after return
from summer recess. |
Aug. 1, 2008 |
University submits to Court of Appeals its
response to petitioners' request for review of
Judge Miller's ruling and an indefinite extension
of the injunction. The university asks that the
court require petitioners to post a $28 million
bond to indemnify the university against financial
damages in the event that the appeal is not successful. |
Aug. 8, 2008 |
Declaring the petitioners' appeal "premature," the
state Court of Appeals sends the case
back to the trial court and leaves in place an
injunction against construction of the proposed
Student-Athlete High Performance Center for at
least a few more weeks. |
Aug. 15, 2008 |
Plaintiffs withdraw their motion for retrial. |
Aug. 21, 2008 |
Arborists supervised by the UC Police Department remove a limited number of branches — about an hour's worth of work — from three trees in the grove where the protest by tree-sitters continues. The work was done to aid UCPD's ability to maintain safety and security in the area, as students begin to move into residence halls this weekend and the fall semester at UC Berkeley gets under way. |
Aug. 26, 2008 |
Alameda Superior Court Judge Barbara Miller issues her final decision in the lawsuit, confirming the substance of a ruling she made July 22 that supported UC Berkeley's position on every significant point. The ruling accepts changes the university has made to the project in response to the court's June 18 ruling, including removal of a grade beam and an agreement by the university to withdraw a proposal for staging non-football events at the stadium.
Judge Miller also accepted the university's binding promise to refrain from construction activities at the site pending word from the Court of Appeal about when and if the campus may proceed. By accepting this arrangement, Judge Miller agreed that it is not necessary to continue the existing injunction. |
Aug. 27, 2008 |
The California Oak Foundation and stadium neighbors in the Panoramic Hill Association file an appeal of Judge Miller's ruling with the California Court of Appeal. |
Sept. 4, 2008 |
The California Court of Appeal "summarily denied" requests that it impose additional stays or a new injunction on UC Berkeley, effectively clearing the way for the university to begin construction of the new student-athlete center. |
Sept. 5, 2008 |
In the wake of a California Court of Appeal ruling denying requests for additional delays, UC Berkeley begins clearing the site adjacent to California Memorial Stadium today, making way for construction of a new student-athlete center. Four protesters remain isolated in one tree. |
Sept. 8, 2008 |
Arborists nearly complete clearing the site of the new student-athlete center. All trees slated for removal are been taken down, save for one redwood tree designated for transplanting, and another redwood where four protesters continue to occupy the few remaining top branches. |
Sept. 9, 2008 |
The last four protesters climb down from their perch atop a redwood tree outside Memorial Stadium, peacefully ending a 21-month tree-sit to protest construction of the student-athlete training center. |